In a nonstandard formation, how should aircraft squawk to ATC?

In a nonstandard formation, the correct procedure is for each aircraft to squawk separately. This approach ensures that Air Traffic Control (ATC) can accurately identify and monitor each aircraft within the formation as independent entities. By using individual transponder codes, it enhances situational awareness for ATC, as they can track the movements and intentions of each aircraft, which is especially important for maintaining safety and separation in busy airspace.

Squawking separately also allows for easier communication and coordination if one of the aircraft needs to break away from the formation for any reason—such as an emergency or a change in flight path. In this way, ATC can provide immediate assistance or adjustments to all aircraft involved.

While there are circumstances where other options might apply (such as designated squawking for a formation leader in certain scenarios), the standard practice in a nonstandard formation is for every aircraft to maintain its own squawk code for clarity and safety.