How should instructions for the breakup of a formation be issued?

Issuing instructions for the breakup of a formation through the lead aircraft or directly to the requesting aircraft is the appropriate approach because it ensures clear and coordinated communication. The lead aircraft holds the responsibility for the formation and is in the best position to manage the split effectively while maintaining situational awareness of the group. Communicating the instructions in this way minimizes confusion among the involved aircraft, as they can rely on the lead to disseminate pertinent information.

Additionally, allowing for the option to communicate directly with the requesting aircraft provides an opportunity for clarifications and adjustments based on the specific circumstances, enhancing safety during the maneuver. This method also maintains the chain of command and ensures that all changes to the formation are conducted smoothly and efficiently.

Other options might create misunderstandings or lead to uncoordinated actions, which can increase the risk of incident during the breakup maneuver.