How does ATC manage the sequence of arrivals at a busy airport?

The management of arrival sequences at a busy airport is primarily achieved through established approach procedures and spacing protocols. These procedures are meticulously designed to ensure safety and efficiency in air traffic management, allowing for a controlled and orderly flow of aircraft approaching the airport.

Using established approach procedures means that air traffic controllers are guided by standardized methods that dictate how aircraft should approach and land at the airport. This includes specific flight paths, altitudes, and speeds that aircraft must adhere to as they get closer to the runway. Spacing protocols further help in maintaining safe distances between arriving aircraft to prevent collisions and ensure smooth landings. This structured approach is crucial in managing the high volume of air traffic typical at busy airports.

While other options may hint at various considerations in managing arrivals, they do not reflect the systematic and safety-oriented methodologies that are critical for efficient air traffic control operations.